膜下滴灌水稻优化毛管配置模式及适宜灌溉强度的研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜下滴灌水稻在干旱/半旱区(新疆、宁夏)表现出较高的生产潜力,而优化毛管配置模式和灌溉强度是其实现高产的前提。为此,本研究于石河子地区通过设置毛管配置模式和灌溉强度双因素多水平处理,开展为期一年的小区试验,旨在为膜下滴灌水稻获得高产高效的毛管配置模式和灌溉强度提供理论依据。研究结果表明,综合品种和灌溉强度因素,群体整齐度以1膜4管8行配置(R₁)最优,其次是1膜2管8行配置(R₂),1膜1管8行配置(R₃)最差。 R₂模式通过促进近滴灌带行位株穴的生长发育来弥补远滴灌带行位株穴生长发育,最终R₂模式的产量、水分利用效率及经济效益与R₁差异不显著;由于R₃模式下距滴灌带第3行位和第4行位的株穴生长严重受限,进而导致R₃模式的产量、水分利用效率及经济效益显著低于R₁和 R₂模式;总体而言,增加灌溉强度有利于膜下滴灌水稻生长发育。在砂壤土质条件下,膜下滴灌水稻为获得较高的谷物产量,毛管间距以40~80 cm为宜。关键生育期灌溉强度为抽穗前11 mm /d,抽穗后需维持更高的灌量,可以考虑维持在20~25 mm /d。

关键词: 水稻, 毛管配置, 膜下滴灌, 生长发育

Abstract:

Rice under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching performances a potential and high productivity in arid and semiarid regions. Capillary configuration mode and irrigation intensity are key factors for high grain yield. To determine optimum capillary configuration mode and irrigation intensity in key growth stages, plot experiments were conducted with two cultivars in 2011 in Shihezi City of northern Xinjiang under various capillary configuration modes and irrigation intensities. The population showed the most uniform growth under one sheet of plastic film mulching (1.6 m wide) with four drip tapes and eight rows of rice (R₁), followed by one sheet of plastic film mulching with two drip tapes and eight rows of rice (R₂) and one sheet of plastic film mulching with one drip tape and eight rows rice (R₃). In the R₂ treatment, the rapid growth of rice plants in the row near to the drip tape made up for the slower growth of rice plants in the second row from the drip tape. There were no significant differences in grain yield, water use efficiency, and economic return between the R₁ and R₂ treatments. However, in the R₃ treatment, rice growth and development was seriously reduced throughout the growing season in the two rows farthest from the drip tape (i.e., the third and fourth rows). As a result, grain yield, water use efficiency, and economic return were significantly lower in the R₃ treatment than the R₁ and R₂ treatments across two cultivars and four irrigation intensities. Generally speaking, rice growth and development were significantly improved as irrigation intensity increased under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching. In conclusion, the distance between drip tapes should be in the range of 40-80 cm to obtain high grain yield under drip irrigation in silty loam soil. In addition, the irrigation regime of 11 mm /d was beneficial to growth and development of rice plants before heading, and 20-25 mm /d after heading.

Key words: rice, capillary configuration mode, drip irrigation with plastic film mulching, growth and development

中图分类号:

S511.071

何海兵, 杨茹, 武立权, 马富裕. 膜下滴灌水稻优化毛管配置模式及适宜灌溉强度的研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(1): 75-84.

Hai-bing HE, Ru YANG, Li-quan WU, Fu-yu MA. Optimal Capillary Configuration Modes and Irrigation Intensities for Drip Irrigation with Plastic Film Mulching in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(1): 75-84.

图/表 6

参考文献 37

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	模型参数 Logistic parameter				R²
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	a	b		k
宁粳28 Ninjing 28	R₁W₁	13959.62	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₁W₂	18552.18	1750.93	0.08		0.993
	R₁W₃	23059.99	439.07	0.07		0.994
	R₁W₄	26257.15	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₂W₁	12690.57	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₂W₂	16865.62	1750.73	0.08		0.993
	R₂W₃	20963.23	439.06	0.07		0.995
	R₂W₄	24870.13	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₁	7183.76	450.71	0.08		0.989
	R₃W₂	10071.74	979.18	0.08		0.988
	R₃W₃	13414.73	296.69	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₄	17313.09	257.91	0.07		0.996
月光Yueguang	R₁W₁	15355.59	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₁W₂	20407.41	1750.93	0.08		0.993
	R₁W₃	25365.51	439.07	0.07		0.994
	R₁W₄	28882.86	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₂W₁	12275.23	1602.29	0.10		0.994
	R₂W₂	17252.87	339.77	0.07		0.997
	R₂W₃	24052.43	212.06	0.06		0.993
	R₂W₄	27433.39	250.51	0.06		0.995
	R₃W₁	6932.29	419.22	0.08		0.978
	R₃W₂	10446.03	191.79	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₃	15671.68	148.88	0.05		0.992
	R₃W₄	18198.03	230.44	0.06		0.985

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	模型参数 Logistic parameter				R²
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	a	b		k
宁粳28 Ninjing 28	R₁W₁	13959.62	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₁W₂	18552.18	1750.93	0.08		0.993
	R₁W₃	23059.99	439.07	0.07		0.994
	R₁W₄	26257.15	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₂W₁	12690.57	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₂W₂	16865.62	1750.73	0.08		0.993
	R₂W₃	20963.23	439.06	0.07		0.995
	R₂W₄	24870.13	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₁	7183.76	450.71	0.08		0.989
	R₃W₂	10071.74	979.18	0.08		0.988
	R₃W₃	13414.73	296.69	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₄	17313.09	257.91	0.07		0.996
月光Yueguang	R₁W₁	15355.59	1260.31	0.09		0.997
	R₁W₂	20407.41	1750.93	0.08		0.993
	R₁W₃	25365.51	439.07	0.07		0.994
	R₁W₄	28882.86	304.18	0.06		0.994
	R₂W₁	12275.23	1602.29	0.10		0.994
	R₂W₂	17252.87	339.77	0.07		0.997
	R₂W₃	24052.43	212.06	0.06		0.993
	R₂W₄	27433.39	250.51	0.06		0.995
	R₃W₁	6932.29	419.22	0.08		0.978
	R₃W₂	10446.03	191.79	0.06		0.994
	R₃W₃	15671.68	148.88	0.05		0.992
	R₃W₄	18198.03	230.44	0.06		0.985

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	每1m²穗数 Panicle number per square metre	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting percentage /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(×10³kg· hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	经济效益 Economic benefit /(Yuan·hm^-2)
宁粳28 Ningjing 28
R₁W₄	440.56	105.67	47.14	22.01	5.89	0.39	5604
R₁W₃	453.24	108.99	45.3	21.39	5.27	0.44	4872
R₁W₂	386.58	98.42	37.74	21.17	4.13	0.49	2518
R₁W₁	328.78	89.77	31.35	20.22	3.54	0.64	1894
R₂W₄	423.24	101.98	46.13	22.03	5.97	0.40	7872
R₂W₃	435.76	108.52	42.83	21.36	5.11	0.41	6276
R₂W₂	354.14	94.52	37.63	21.05	3.98	0.49	3958
R₂W₁	311.58	86.43	30.83	19.84	3.35	0.61	3190
R₃W₄	357.52	88.07	41.33	21.98	3.27	0.22	-858
R₃W₃	359.58	87.53	38.27	21.01	2.89	0.25	-744
R₃W₂	264.32	75.68	27.35	19.37	2.17	0.26	-1568
R₃W₁	229.64	67.89	23.67	18.09	1.88	0.34	-1112
毛管配置(R)	**	**	**	*	**	**
灌溉强度(W)	**	*	**	*	**	**
R×W	**	**	**	*	**	**
月光Yueguang
R₁W₄	444.46	109.42	74.38	22.87	6.23	0.42	6828
R₁W₃	459.87	112.35	70.88	22.43	5.44	0.45	5484
R₁W₂	383.45	100.78	63.88	21.96	4.37	0.51	3382
R₁W₁	335.31	95.35	57.94	21.45	3.79	0.69	2794
R₂W₄	456.47	105.34	70.43	22.52	6.17	0.41	8592
R₂W₃	451.42	113.52	65.78	22.03	5.32	0.44	7032
R₂W₂	368.79	97.56	63.24	21.67	4.29	0.51	5074
R₂W₁	342.15	89.88	59.77	20.51	3.49	0.64	3694
R₃W₄	362.24	75.33	58.34	21.36	2.64	0.18	-3126
R₃W₃	361.43	72.18	55.16	21.27	2.26	0.19	-2994
R₃W₂	273.15	61.88	41.59	20.55	1.69	0.21	-3296
R₃W₁	252.29	53.35	40.38	19.64	1.48	0.27	-2552
毛管配置(R)	**	**	**	*	**	**
灌溉强度(W)	**	*	**	*	**	**
R×W	**	**	**	*	**	**

品种与处理 Variety and treatment	每1m²穗数 Panicle number per square metre	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting percentage /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(×10³kg· hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	经济效益 Economic benefit /(Yuan·hm^-2)
宁粳28 Ningjing 28
R₁W₄	440.56	105.67	47.14	22.01	5.89	0.39	5604
R₁W₃	453.24	108.99	45.3	21.39	5.27	0.44	4872
R₁W₂	386.58	98.42	37.74	21.17	4.13	0.49	2518
R₁W₁	328.78	89.77	31.35	20.22	3.54	0.64	1894
R₂W₄	423.24	101.98	46.13	22.03	5.97	0.40	7872
R₂W₃	435.76	108.52	42.83	21.36	5.11	0.41	6276
R₂W₂	354.14	94.52	37.63	21.05	3.98	0.49	3958
R₂W₁	311.58	86.43	30.83	19.84	3.35	0.61	3190
R₃W₄	357.52	88.07	41.33	21.98	3.27	0.22	-858
R₃W₃	359.58	87.53	38.27	21.01	2.89	0.25	-744
R₃W₂	264.32	75.68	27.35	19.37	2.17	0.26	-1568
R₃W₁	229.64	67.89	23.67	18.09	1.88	0.34	-1112
毛管配置(R)	**	**	**	*	**	**
灌溉强度(W)	**	*	**	*	**	**
R×W	**	**	**	*	**	**
月光Yueguang
R₁W₄	444.46	109.42	74.38	22.87	6.23	0.42	6828
R₁W₃	459.87	112.35	70.88	22.43	5.44	0.45	5484
R₁W₂	383.45	100.78	63.88	21.96	4.37	0.51	3382
R₁W₁	335.31	95.35	57.94	21.45	3.79	0.69	2794
R₂W₄	456.47	105.34	70.43	22.52	6.17	0.41	8592
R₂W₃	451.42	113.52	65.78	22.03	5.32	0.44	7032
R₂W₂	368.79	97.56	63.24	21.67	4.29	0.51	5074
R₂W₁	342.15	89.88	59.77	20.51	3.49	0.64	3694
R₃W₄	362.24	75.33	58.34	21.36	2.64	0.18	-3126
R₃W₃	361.43	72.18	55.16	21.27	2.26	0.19	-2994
R₃W₂	273.15	61.88	41.59	20.55	1.69	0.21	-3296
R₃W₁	252.29	53.35	40.38	19.64	1.48	0.27	-2552
毛管配置(R)	**	**	**	*	**	**
灌溉强度(W)	**	*	**	*	**	**
R×W	**	**	**	*	**	**

品种、处理和行位 Variety,treatment and row	株高 Plant height /cm	每1m²穗数 Panicle number per square metre	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting percentage /%	一次枝梗数 Primary rachis branch number /(No. m^-2)	二次枝梗数 Secondary rachis branch number /(No. m^-2)	无效穗长 Length of invalid panicle /cm
宁粳28 Ningjing 28
R₁	82.11	405.26	91.23	40.15	10.58	14.65	1.05
R₂
第一行First row	82.83	411.24	95.07	40.90	10.67	14.67	1.16
第二行Second row	80.07	371.10	86.93	38.60	10.23	13.33	1.31
差值Differece/%	3.6	9.7	8.6	5.6	4.1	9.1	11.5
R₃
第一行First row	82.53	417.15	99.14	38.37	11.13	13.89	0.89
第二行Second row	81.47	422.12	107.67	40.15	12.25	14.35	0.56
第三行Third row	50.13	168.67	59.41	2.13	6.60	5.14	4.34
第四行Fourth row	32.15	92.33	34.14	1.32	2.30	3.22	8.79
差值Differece/%	0.8~60.5	1.0~78.6	7.9~68.3	4.4~96.7	9.1~81.2	3.2~77.6	50.6~93.6
月光 Yueguang
R₁	73.51	412.13	104.55	66.51	8.12	10.35	0.28
R₂
第一行First row	75.74	421.62	109.34	69.33	7.92	9.98	0.31
第二行Second row	71.93	381.63	99.02	63.37	7.34	9.24	0.42
差值Differece/%	3.9	9.5	5.1	8.6	7.3	7.4	26.2
R₃
第一行First row	73.26	424.56	106.68	67.33	7.53	10.01	0.25
第二行Second row	74.31	436.69	108.47	65.41	8.21	10.68	0.19
第三行Third row	41.14	229.87	41.59	35.21	3.25	4.11	3.88
第四行Fourth row	30.57	134.89	23.74	23.55	1.67	2.05	9.17
差值Differece/%	4.1~58.9	6.6~68.8	8.1~78.1	3.2~64.0	8.3~79.7	6.3~80.8	57.7~97.9